Phenotypic and comparative transcriptomic analyses of resistant and susceptible germplasm reveal the putative resistance mechanisms of wheat to Fusarium crown rot
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fusarium crown rot (FCR), primarily caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, has emerged as a globally significant disease severely threatening the stability of wheat production. Breeding FCR-resistant germplasms and clarifying the underlying resistance mechanisms are critical prerequisites for effective disease management. RESULTS: In this study, to generate genotypes with enhanced FCR resistance, an EMS-mutagenized population was developed from AK58, and a germplasm X413 with stably moderate resistance to FCR at both the seedling and adult stages was identified. Phenotypic analysis showed that X413 exhibited stronger ability to inhibit the expansion and mycelial growth of F. pseudograminearum. Transcriptome (RNA-seq) comparison with highly susceptible X73 revealed that X413 had fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after pathogen infection, with its specific DEGs significantly enriched in resistance-related pathways such as “lignin metabolic process” and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”. In contrast, X73 had more DEGs, and genes related to growth and development including those for DNA replication and post-replication repair were significantly downregulated, consistent with its more obvious plant height reduction after pathogen infection. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified hub genes highly expressed in X413, including ubiquitin-related genes, kinase genes, and three germin-like protein genes (with SOD activity involved in hydrogen peroxide production). Physiological assays confirmed that X413 had significantly higher hydrogen peroxide content and SOD activity than X73. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, FCR resistance in X413 may be associated with efficient activation of disease resistance pathways and balanced growth-defense metabolism. This germplasm could serve as a valuable resistance source to support wheat breeding for FCR resistance, and the mechanistic insights obtained may also lay a solid theoretical foundation for the mining and utilization of resistance genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".