Impact of acute and chronic hypoxia on the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide pathway in naked mole-rats ( <i>Heterocephalus glaber</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are responsible for the degradation of free heme and producing endogenous carbon monoxide (CO). Research has suggested that the HO-CO pathway imparts protective effects to hypoxic tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of acute (4 h or 24 h at 7% O2) and chronic (7 days at 11% O2) hypoxia on the HO-CO pathway in the hypoxia-tolerant naked mole-rat. Specifically, we measured CO concentrations in nine organs and blood, as well as HO activity in all organs of animals exposed to normoxia (21% O2), acute hypoxia or chronic hypoxia. Hypoxia did not impact CO concentration or HO activity in most tissues, with the exception of the brain (decreased [CO] after 24 h and 7 days), heart (increased HO activity after 4 h), and intestine (increased [CO] after 24 h and 7 days but decreased HO activity after 24 h). Relative to normoxic controls, hemoglobin concentrations increased 10-12% in animals exposed to acute hypoxia but were unchanged following chronic hypoxia. In naked mole-rats exposed to normoxia or hypoxia, CO concentrations were higher in blood, lung and spleen, and HO activity was higher in the kidney and lung when compared with tissues from mice exposed to normoxia. However, splenic HO activity was higher in mice exposed to normoxia when compared with spleen from naked mole-rats in all treatment conditions. Unlike non-hypoxia tolerant species, chronic hypoxia did not suppress the HO-CO pathway in naked mole-rats, highlighting the importance of this pathway in hypoxia physiology.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".