Rhinoscleroma and chronic rhinosinusitis—an insidious presentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease of the respiratory mucosa, endemic in some countries of Central America, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa, but rare in North America. Methods: We report the case of a 35-year-old man who immigrated to Canada from El Salvador at 10 years of age who was diagnosed with rhinoscleroma 25 years after his immigration. Results: He presented with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion for 14 years that did not respond to standard CRS treatment. His symptoms resolved with the administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy following the diagnosis of rhinoscleroma based on histopathological examination and nasal culture. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of recognizing non-endemic diseases in the era of mass global migration. Clinicians should consider epidemiology and non-endemic infections when evaluating patients with CRS and refer those who are refractory to standard therapy to an otolaryngologist for further assessment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".