KNUCKLES promotes meiotic cell-cycle progression by directly repressing the expression of KRP1 and KRP3 to ensure male fertility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Meiosis produces haploid gametes that are essential for sexual reproduction in most eukaryotes, but the specific cell-cycle regulation that controls meiotic progression in plants remains to be fully characterized. KNUCKLES (KNU), a known transcriptional repressor in floral meristem regulation, also regulates anther development. Loss of KNU function leads to male sterility in Arabidopsis, but its detailed regulatory mechanism is unknown. Here, we find that KNU is specifically localized in meiocytes during anther development, and mutation of KNU disrupts meiotic progression and behavior, leading to apoptosis of microsporocytes. Transcriptome analysis shows that numerous genes related to meiosis are downregulated in knu-2 meiocytes. We demonstrate that KNU can directly repress the expression of two cell-cycle inhibitors, INTERACTOR/INHIBITOR OF CDK 1/KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 1 (ICK1/KRP1) and KRP3, and knockout of KRP1 or KRP3 in the null allele knu-2 background largely rescues the knu-2 defects in male meiosis and fertility. Consistent with these results, overexpression of KRP1 driven by the native KNU promoter results in meiotic defects and reduced expression of some meiosis-related genes, similar to the phenotypes of knu-2. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the transcription factor KNU regulates the expression of meiotic cell-cycle regulators and cohesins through suppression of KRP1/3, significantly broadening our understanding of plant meiosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".