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<i>Rhododendron</i> spp. (Ericaceae)

2025· book-chapter· W4416129379 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueBENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · 2025
Typebook-chapter
Language
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicBioactive Natural Diterpenoids Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEthnobotanyFolk medicineGenusCultivarPlant species

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

&lt;i&gt;Rhododendron &lt;/i&gt;L. is one of the largest dicotyledonous plant genera in the world, represented by more than 1.000 species, most of which grow naturally in the Northern Hemisphere. Many species and cultivars are also grown commercially, as rhododendrons are widely used in landscaping in many parts of the world due to their overall showy appearance and beautiful flowers. The first written information about these plants dates back to 401 BC and gives information about the toxicity of rhododendron honey. &lt;i&gt;Rhododendron&lt;/i&gt; species and their products, such as honey, Labrador tea, edible flowers, and some medicines used in folk medicine, are known to cause poisoning cases due to human consumption. Some rhododendrons are also poisonous to grazing animals. Toxicological studies on &lt;i&gt;Rhododendron&lt;/i&gt; species have addressed clinical observations and identified toxic components. &lt;i&gt;Rhododendron&lt;/i&gt; and honey poisoning have been reported to be primarily associated with lipid-soluble grayanotoxins. These compounds affect sodium channels in cell membranes and cause a number of neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Grayanotoxins are found all over the plant, including flowers and nectar. Despite their toxic content and effects, rhododendrons and contaminated honey (mad honey) have been used in ancient systems of medicine, such as Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicines, as well as in European and North American Folk Medicine. However, mad honey is mostly consumed in Nepal and Türkiye as a recreational and traditional medicine. This review aims to present a comprehensive report on the toxicity of the &lt;i&gt;Rhododendron&lt;/i&gt; genus after presenting the general botanical and ethnobotanical features.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Open science, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Research integrity
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.731
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.009
Scholarly communication0.0040.000
Open science0.0060.005
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.282
Teacher spread0.266 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it