As little as we know: current understanding and future outlook of benthic tanaid diversity and distribution in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the present Paper, we provide an overview of the diversity and distribution of benthic tanaid crustaceans, a dominant macrofaunal taxon, found in 4000 to 6000 m water depth in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ) (north-eastern Pacific). There is increasing recognition that the CCZ is a potentially promising area for minerals supply through polymetallic nodules, with abundance estimates in the magnitude of billions of tons, representing significant economic potential involving metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, and copper. In the CCZ, Tanaidacea (called tanaids) are represented by 33 formally described species. With the current sampling effort, many of the taxa found in the CCZ are represented by one or two individuals (58%), With up to 70% found in one surveyed contract area. Their spatial distribution and abundances are influenced by a combination of environmental factors, including water depth, sediment type, and food availability. Our study, including datasets from various sources, highlights several challenges, including scarce and uneven sampling efforts, the use of non-standardised sampling protocols, and limited collaboration between scientists, contractors, and other stakeholders. Additionally, a significant number of species that are new to science further complicate biodiversity assessment. To improve our understanding of the diversity of tanaids in the CCZ, we suggest increasing sampling efforts in a standardised manner, increasing taxonomic studies, as well as facilitating the exchange of samples and data among scientists and contractors. This increased knowledge can contribute to appropriate environmental management measures to conserve deep-sea biodiversity of the CCZ.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".