Indian diaspora and the EU—A review toward an integrated future research agenda
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While the Indian diaspora has historical roots in Europe stemming from its colonial legacy of the Commonwealth,the contemporary research has focused on its impact in the United States, both in economic and increasinglypolitical terms. Yet, Indian diaspora is of theoretical and practical interest to the European Union (EU) due to itsmultiple roles in contributing to the economy of the “old continent.” There is limited knowledge about these complexand multilayered roles and impacts of diasporas as economic actors since most research takes a specificdisciplinary focus, for example, ethnic entrepreneurship, rather than an interdisciplinary view. This paper contributesby reviewing extant research and advancing the discussion across disciplines. It assesses the major elementsof relevance for future research by examining and discussing the evolving communities, characteristics,locations, businesses as well as the key roles and impacts of the Indian diaspora in the EU. It shows that Indiarepresents a key sending country of skilled labor to the EU; its diaspora demonstrates significant investments,entrepreneurship and business establishments while contributing to increasing trade relations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".