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Record W4416147873 · doi:10.1177/00914509251393011

Marketing Cannabis Through Social Media: A Descriptive Analysis of X-Posts by Five Prominent Cannabis Companies

2025· article· en· W4416147873 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueContemporary Drug Problems · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCannabisLegalizationThematic analysisCovertSocial mediaSocial marketingDescriptive statisticsPublic health

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

As cannabis legalization spreads across North America, the marketing strategies employed by cannabis companies warrant critical scrutiny, particularly on digital platforms. This study offers quantitative and qualitative descriptive analyses of 3,755 original posts made in 2022 on the X platform (formerly Twitter) by five prominent North American cannabis companies: Canopy Growth Corporation, Aurora Cannabis Inc., Tilray Brands Inc., The Cronos Group, and Organigram Holdings Inc. Findings indicate that besides conventional corporate and informational communication, cannabis companies frame their products as solutions for mental health issues, chronic pain, and opioid addiction—using self-sponsored or poorly contextualized research to support their claims. Marketing content also sought to normalize cannabis consumption through links to fitness, sustainability, and wellness culture, drawing heavily on tactics used by the alcohol and tobacco industries. Notably, product announcements emphasized flavored and lifestyle-friendly items such as fruit-flavored vapes and cannabis-infused edibles. Additionally, companies utilized social and cultural theme days and corporate social responsibility (CSR) to build brand identity and indirectly promote consumption. Despite regulatory restrictions—especially stringent in Canada—many companies appeared to exploit legal ambiguities and weak enforcement mechanisms. The study raises public health concerns about the normalization of cannabis, particularly among youth, and the blurring of lines between factual information and covert promotion. These findings underscore the need for stronger digital marketing regulations, enhanced monitoring, and international cooperation to mitigate public health risks associated with cannabis marketing in online spaces.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.204
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.291
Teacher spread0.265 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it