White Matter Free Water and PSMD as Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Severity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) characterized by β-amyloid deposition in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. Free water (FW) and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) are diffusion-weighted MRI biomarkers of cSVD. Although PSMD has been associated with CAA, it is unknown whether FW reflects CAA-related tissue injury. We investigated whether FW is elevated in CAA compared with non-CAA participants with cognitive complaints and assessed FW's neuroimaging and cognitive associations in CAA compared with PSMD. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed individuals with cognitive symptoms from an ongoing single-center cohort, stratified into CAA and non-CAA groups. FW and PSMD metrics were compared between groups. Within the CAA group, we explored FW's and PSMD's association with conventional MRI markers of cSVD and with cognitive scores using multiple and simple linear regression models, respectively. In addition, we performed a longitudinal analysis to investigate whether baseline FW and PSMD are associated with changes in cognitive scores between 2 time points. RESULTS: = 0.083). DISCUSSION: Both FW and PSMD capture clinically relevant aspects of CAA-related brain injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".