Mapping Facial Expressions Based on Text for Virtual Counseling Chatbot Using IndoBERT Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early marriage in Lombok remains a serious issue, with a prevalence rate of 16.59% in 2021, the second highest in Indonesia. Limited access to counseling services, especially in rural areas, poses a significant prevention challenge. This study developed a virtual counseling chatbot system capable of mapping text-based emotions to facial expressions to improve the effectiveness of counseling for early marriage prevention. The methodology involved training an IndoBERT model on a synthetic dataset to analyze conversation texts. The model was designed to classify user input into five functional emotion categories: Enthusiasm, Gentleness, Analytical, Inspirational, and Cautionary. Performance evaluation revealed that the IndoBERT model achieved an outstanding accuracy of 94% in its final phase. This result significantly surpassed other models evaluated, such as CNN (71.6%) and KNN (79%), confirming the superiority of the chosen approach The study concludes that the high-accuracy IndoBERT model is a robust foundation for empathetic virtual agents. This research provides a significant contribution to the fields of Affective Computing and Human-Computer Interaction by demonstrating an effective framework for mapping nuanced, functional emotions from Indonesian text to facial expressions. The proposed system not only offers a scalable technological solution for mental health challenges like early marriage prevention but also highlights the impact of advanced, context-aware NLP models in creating more human-like and empathetic user interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".