Mapping Facial Expressions Based on Text for Virtual Counseling Chatbot Using IndoBERT Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early marriage in Lombok remains a serious issue, with a prevalence rate of 16.59% in 2021, the second highest in Indonesia. Limited access to counseling services, especially in rural areas, poses a significant prevention challenge. This study developed a virtual counseling chatbot system capable of mapping text-based emotions to facial expressions to improve the effectiveness of counseling for early marriage prevention. The methodology involved training an IndoBERT model on a synthetic dataset to analyze conversation texts. The model was designed to classify user input into five functional emotion categories: Enthusiasm, Gentleness, Analytical, Inspirational, and Cautionary. Performance evaluation revealed that the IndoBERT model achieved an outstanding accuracy of 94% in its final phase. This result significantly surpassed other models evaluated, such as CNN (71.6%) and KNN (79%), confirming the superiority of the chosen approach The study concludes that the high-accuracy IndoBERT model is a robust foundation for empathetic virtual agents. This research provides a significant contribution to the fields of Affective Computing and Human-Computer Interaction by demonstrating an effective framework for mapping nuanced, functional emotions from Indonesian text to facial expressions. The proposed system not only offers a scalable technological solution for mental health challenges like early marriage prevention but also highlights the impact of advanced, context-aware NLP models in creating more human-like and empathetic user interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".