Afyonkarahisar İlinden Toplanılan Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Popülasyonlarında Deltamethrin ve İmidacloprid Direnç Seviyeleri
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an important pest that can develop resistance to insecticides. In this study, imidacloprid and deltamethrin resistance levels were determined in ten Colorado potato beetle (CPB) populations collected from Afyonkarahisar province, which is one of the important potato production areas in Turkey, during the season of 2018. The third instar larvaes and topical application method were used in the bioassay experiments. For each experiment, five different concentrations of the insecticides were prepared by several dilutions of distilled water. Concentrations were applied to the thorax region of the larvae as 1 µl by micropipette. Only distilled water was applied to the control. The dead live counts were made after seventy-two hours and LD50 values of the populations were determined. Resistance ratios of imidacloprid and deltamethrin were calculated by the ratio of LD50 values of field populations to LD50 of susceptible population. Resistance rates determined for imidacloprid in Sandikli-1, Sandikli-2, Sandikli-3, Suhut-1, Suhut-2, Suhut-3, Dinar, Central, Bolvadin, Emirdag populations are 3.96, 7.43, 11.33, 14.33, 27.31, 25.08, 9.12, 2.34, 7.46, 8.72-fold, respectively; and 25.86, 36.50, 35.09, 60.11, 77.17, 72.82, 40.07, 9.41, 45.86, 56.59-fold, respectively for deltamethrin. As a result, high insecticide resistance was determined in CPB populations collected from potato production areas in Afyonkarahisar province. It is thought that insecticide resistance management protocols should be implemented in CPB control in these areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".