When Senses Collide: Investigating Modality Congruence and Interference Between Task and Notification in Augmented Reality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As augmented reality (AR) technologies become more integrated into everyday tasks, the design of notification systems that minimize disruption while enhancing user awareness is increasingly important. This study investigates how crossmodal interference between notification modality (visual, audio, tactile) and primary task modality (also visual, auditory, tactile) affects user perception and performance in AR environments. Through a controlled user study (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$N=36$</tex>), participants engaged in modality-specific pattern recognition tasks while responding to spatial directional notifications delivered via different sensory channels. By analyzing notification awareness time, reaction time, task accuracy, and subjective measures, such as cognitive load and user preference, the study reveals how congruency or mismatch between task and notification modalities can either facilitate or hinder attention redirection and multi-tasking efficiency. The findings contribute to the design of adaptive AR notification systems that are less intrusive and better aligned with users' perceptual and cognitive states.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".