Bibliographic record
Abstract
Each year, the manuscripts submitted to The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc., reflect the expanding interests of orthopaedic surgeons and investigators. The careful peer-review process by which manuscripts submitted to JBJS are reviewed requires Consultant Reviewers who have a wide range of knowledge and interests. The following individuals have contributed their knowledge and expertise to this task, and without them the job could not have been done. Their very great contributions are acknowledged with profound appreciation. Mohammad Amer, MSc, MRCS, Brighton, United Kingdom Gijo A.J., MS, Kerala, India Pon Aravindhan A. Sugumar, MBBS, MS, New Delhi, India Asbjørn Årøen, PhD, MD, Lørenksog, Norway Roy K. Aaron, MD, Providence, RI Dawar Abbas, MS, MSc, FRCS, PGCE, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom Mohammadreza Abbasian, MD, Farmington, CT Matthew Abbott, MD, Indianapolis, IN Ayesha Abdeen, MD, Boston, MA Oussema Abdelhedi, PhD, Sfax, Tunisia Adam Abdelmoneim, MD, MCh, MRCS, MFSEM, Dublin, Ireland Hussein Abdulrassoul, MD, MS, Philadelphia, PA Koki Abe, MD, PhD, Yokohama-Shi, Japan Varag Abed, MD, Brooklyn, NY Armita Armina Abedi, MD, Philadelphia, PA Mark F. Abel, MD, Charlottesville, VA Nicholas A. Abidi, MD, Capitola, CA Mansour Abolghasemian, MD, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada Oussama Abousamra, MD, Los Angeles, CA John Matthew Abrahams, MBBS, PhD, Adelaide, SA, Australia Geoffrey D. Abrams, MD, Palo Alto, CA Jeffrey S. Abrams, MD, Princeton, NJ Hany Abu-Farsakh, MSc, Amman, Jordan Jakob Ackermann, MD, Chestnut Hill, MA Rodney Dean Adam, MD, Tucson, AZ Mark J. Adamczyk, MD, Akron, OH Douglas J. Adams, PhD, Aurora, CO Julie E. Adams, MD, MBA, Chattanooga, TN Muyibat A. Adelani, MD, Saint Louis, MO Anthony Adili, MD, Hamilton, ON, Canada Animesh Agarwal, MD, San Antonio, TX Kiran Jay Agarwal-Harding, MD, Boston, MA Avinesh Agarwalla, MD, Los Angeles, CA Filon Agathangelidis, PhD, Thessaloniki, Greece Julie Agel, MA, Minneapolis, MN Vinay Kujmar Aggarwal, MS(Orth), DNBOrtho, New Delhi, India Sonya Agnew, Maywood, IL Yuvraj Agrawal, MB, BS, MRCS, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Birmingham, United Kingdom John Jairo Aguilera-Correa, MSc, PhD, Madrid, Spain Abdulaziz F. Ahmed, MD, Columbia, MO Matti Ahonen, MD, PhD, Helsinki, Finland William R. Aibinder, MD, Ann Arbor, MI Michael Aiona, MD, Portland, OR Georgii Airapetov, PhD, Stavropol, Russia Turgut Akgul, MD, Istanbul, Turkey Med Seddik Akremi, MD, Nabeul, Tunisia Ghalib Ahmed Al Haneedi, MB ChB, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Doha, Qatar Sultan Al Maskari, FRCSEd(T&O), Al Khuwair, Oman Akram Al Ramlawi, MD, Baltimore, MD Mahbub Alam, BSc, MRCS, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom Stephen A. Albanese, MD, East Syracuse, NY Agustin Facundo Albani Forneris, MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina Michael Albert, MD, Dayton, OH Alexander W. Aleem, MD, St. Louis, MO Syed Luqman Ali, Mardan, Pakistan Ahmed Ali, MBBS, BSc(Hons), Leeds, United Kingdom Usman Ali, MBBS, Karachi, Pakistan Pouya Alijanipour, MD, Galveston, TX Abigail K. Allen, MD, New York, NY Daniel C. Allison, MD, MBA, FACS, Los Angeles, CA Tamara Al-Maktar, MD, Albuquerque, NM Luiz Carlos Almeida da Silva, MD, Wilmington, DE Ali Ahmad Al-Omari, MBBS, Irbid, Jordan Sameh Sobhy AlSafty, MD, Shibin Elkom, Egypt Marco Antonio Altamirano-Cruz, MD, Guadalajara, Mexico Müjgan Yilmaz Altun, MD, PhD, BPT, Copenghagen, Denmark Annunziato (Ned) Amendola, MD, Durham, NC Elizabeth Ames, MD, Burlington, VT Michael Haessam Amini, MD, Willow Grove, PA Arash Aminian, MD, Laguna Woods, CA Joshua Ammerman, MD, Washington, DC Tonya An, MD, MA, Pleasanton, CA Steven Andelman, MD, White Plains, NY Paul A. Anderson, MD, Madison, WI Kent Anderson, MBA, Westborough, MA John T. Anderson, MD, Kansas City, MO Matthew C. Anderson, MD, Columbia, MO John G. Anderson, MD, Grand Rapids, MI William Anderst, PhD, Pittsburgh, PA Muneharu Ando, MD, PhD, Osaka, Japan Wataru Ando, MD, PhD, Hyogo, Japan Lindsay Andras, MD, Los Angeles, CA Octavian Andronic, MD, Zurich, Switzerland Nathan Ryan Angerett, DO, Camp Hill, PA Utkarsh Anil, MD, New York, NY Adinun Apivatgaroon, Pathum Thani, Thailand Luis Alberto Aponte-Tinao, MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina Saul Apostol, MD, San Diego, Venezeula Guillermo Araujo, MD, Los Angeles, CA Meredith Allison Arensman, MD, MBA, Columbus, OH Jean-Noel Argenson, MD, PhD, Marseille, France Daigo Arimura, MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan Douglas Armstrong, MD, Hershey, PA Maxwell Luke Armstrong, MD, MBA, St. John's, NL, Canada Justin Wade Arner, MD, Pittsburgh, PA William V. Arnold, MD, PhD, Philadelphia, PA Michael S. Aronow, MD, Hartford, CT Armin Arshi, MD, Philadelphia, PA Stanley R. Askin, MD, Elkins Park, PA Diego Costa Astur, MD, PhD, São Paulo, Brazil Nelson Astur, MD, PhD, São Paulo, Brazil Kivanc Atesok, MD, MSc, Seattle, WA Eugene Athan, MD, PhD, Geelong, VIC, Australia Bulent Atilla, MD, Ankara, Turkey Naftaly Attias, MD, Phoenix, AZ Scott Avecilla, MD, PhD, New York, NY David C. Ayers, MD, Worcester, MA Miguel Angel Ayerza, MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina Frederick M. Azar, MD, Memphis, TN Ibrahim Azboy, MD, Istanbul, Turkey Keith T. Aziz, MD, Jacksonville, FL George C. Babis, MD, PhD, Athens, Greece Sameer Badarudeen, MD, MPH, Bowling Green, KY Mona Badawy, MD, PhD, Hagavik, Norway Chang Hee Baek, MD, Yeosu, Republic of Korea Anirejuoritse Bafor, MBBS, FACS, Columbus, OH Soroush Baghdadi, MD, Los Angeles, CA M.N. Baig, MBBS, ChM, FEBOT, Galway, Ireland B. Sonny Bal, MD, MBA, JD, PhD, Columbia, MO Andrea Baldini, MD, Florence, Italy Fernando Baldy dos Reis, PhD, São Paulo, Brazil Mehmet Bulent Balioglu, MD, Istanbul, Turkey Philip A. Band, PhD, New York, NY Nitin Bansal, MBBS, MS(Orth), Bathinda, India Hongda Bao, MD, PhD, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China F. Alan Barber, MD, FACS, Plano, TX Raul Barco, MD, PhD, FEBOT, Madrid, Spain William Lamont MD, CA MD, San Diego, CA MD, MN Douglas A. MD, TX MD, MPH, MD, St. Louis, MO Jeffrey MD, San CA MD, R. John VIC, Australia Ahmed MD, Egypt MBBS, MS(Orth), India MD, CA MA, San Diego, CA MD, PhD, France MS, MD, MBA, Boston, MA Paul E. MD, ON, Canada E. PhD, Minneapolis, MN David Pittsburgh, PA MD, Istanbul, Turkey MD, Pittsburgh, PA S. MD, NY MD, MS, MD, Seattle, WA DO, MS, MO PhD, MD, Spain T. MD, New S. MD, IL MBBS, VIC, Australia C. MD, Switzerland Jordan MD, MA MD, Madison, WI David MD, Memphis, TN MD, Philadelphia, PA David MD, PhD, MBA, Boston, MA MD, CT J. DO, MI DNBOrtho, India MD, New MD, New York, NY R. MD, PhD, Boston, MA MB MRCS, MSc, United Kingdom MD, MD MD, DO, WI J. MD, Indianapolis, IN MD, Istanbul, Turkey John G. MD, TX MD, Istanbul, Turkey MD, Julie MD, Columbus, OH Columbus, OH J. David MD, Ann Arbor, MI R. MD, Michael R. MD, OH MD, PhD, Boston, MA J. MD, Seattle, WA J. MD, CA MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, MS(Orth), New York, NY Scott D. MD, MD, KY MD, IL MD, New York, NY R. MD, ON, Canada MD, France Paul Michael MD, Phoenix, AZ Guillermo MD, Michael MD, Boston, MA MD, IL MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, NY MD, New York, NY MD, New York, NY Michael J. MD, NC A. MD, MD, CO MD, PhD, IL MD, PhD, France MD, MSc, St. Louis, MO Elizabeth W. PhD, Minneapolis, MN Alexander T. MD, CA MD, San Antonio, TX MD, MD, Kansas City, MO MD, United Kingdom Keith MD, St. Louis, MO David M. MD, MSc, St. Louis, MO MD, TN MD, MO T. MD, VT Nicholas M. MD, Maywood, IL A. MD, Charlottesville, VA William MD, CA PhD, Italy M. MD, Boston, MA MD, Willow Grove, PA MD, Switzerland Steven MD, MD, Baltimore, MD MD, PhD, Denmark David B. MD, MD, OH MD, MO MD, Brazil MD, Minneapolis, MN W. PhD, Hamilton, ON, Canada MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina J. Matthew DO, J. MD, Philadelphia, PA Alberto MD, PhD, S. MD, Ann Arbor, MI MD, TN MD, Ankara, Turkey K. MD, TX MD, PhD, Madrid, Spain MD, Italy Andrea MD, Italy MD, CA David MBBS, PhD, Adelaide, SA, Australia MSc, PhD, Brazil MD, Portland, OR MD, France MD, Jacksonville, FL D. MD, NY MD, Ann Arbor, MI Alberto V. MD, MSc, New York, NY MD, Ann Arbor, MI MD, VA MD, FEBOT, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Dublin, Ireland MD, Boston, MA MD, TX MD, PhD, City, MD, New York, NY MD, City, MD, Minneapolis, MN G. MD, San Diego, CA W. MD, MBA, CA MD, PhD, PhD, France MD, Seattle, WA Michael A. MD, MI MD, City, PhD, MD, People’s Republic of China V. MD, CA MBBS, MD, FL Paul MD, PhD, The TX MD, Boston, MA B. MS(Orth), India MD, PhD, Japan MD, Republic of Korea MD, TX F. MBBS, MD, VIC, Australia MS(Orth), DNBOrtho, India MD, City, Alexander MD, Los Angeles, CA PhD, Columbus, Philip MD, MS, Daniel J. MD, San Antonio, TX MD, IL MD, MSc, New York, NY MD, City, NY MD, MN A. MD, St. MN M. MD, PhD, John W. MD, CA Fernando MD, Costa PhD, Geelong, VIC, Australia PhD, MD, Madrid, Spain MD, MA MD, OH Maxwell MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, MSc, San Diego, CA Michael MD, NJ MD, New York, NY MD, the J. PhD, Providence, RI D. MD, Columbia, MO K. MD, Boston, MA MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, OH Roy PhD, NC John M. MD, FL Mark T. MD, MN MD, BSc, the PhD, FL MD, Italy R. MD, MSc, CA Daniel MD, Philadelphia, PA PhD, NC S. MD, MBA, MI J. MD, FL MD, Pittsburgh, PA MD, MI MD, TX David George MD, Durham, NC A. MD, Albuquerque, NM Steven MD, Columbia, MO Ryan M. MD, MSc, ON, Canada MD, MSc, AZ MD, PA MD, Minneapolis, MN E. MD, Baltimore, MD MD, J. MD, PhD, FACS, Columbia, MO J. MD, OR John R. MD, New NY Matthew E. MD, OH Geoffrey F. MD, MSc, ON, Canada MD, F. MD, New York, NY Mark MD, Indianapolis, IN Joshua Scott MD, NY Douglas R. MD, TX T. MD, Thessaloniki, Greece MA, New York, NY A. PhD, City, William F. MD, Pittsburgh, PA MD, Baltimore, MD MS, CO M. MD, New York, NY Nicholas MD, Fort MD, MD MD, MD, White VT MD, MBA, MPH, NY Stephen T. MD, KY Scott MD, MPH, MBA, New John M. MD, New York, NY Douglas MD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), United Kingdom A. MD, Paul MD, Portland, OR John MD, MPH, FACS, St. Louis, MO John S. MD, TX TX MD, MSc, PhD, Athens, Greece Adam MD, IL MD, MS, Los Angeles, CA W. MD, San Diego, CA Abed, FRCS, United Kingdom MD, MD, Boston, MA John PhD, Akron, OH Hussein MD, TX Bone MD, TX MD, New York, NY John B. MD, Boston, MA Ahmed K. MD, OH MD, Oman Justin J. MD, City, DO, Grove, MN MD, PhD, Finland David MD, Boston, MA Joshua MD, MPH, Indianapolis, IN MD, Aurora, CO D. MD, MPH, New York, NY MD, Italy MD, People’s Republic of China Luke MB ChB, United Kingdom MD, NJ V. MD, MD, People’s Republic of China MD, MN MD, Seattle, WA G. MD, MPH, MN MD, San Antonio, TX Mark MD, New York, NY MD, MA, Seattle, WA J. MD, Indianapolis, IN Michael FL NC MD, Maywood, IL MD, Boston, MA PhD, MA Antonio MD, Guadalajara, Mexico John Matthew MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, United Kingdom Daniel PhD, MD, PhD, United Kingdom MD, FL David Alexander MD, New York, NY W. MD, Baltimore, MD MD, IL PhD, Minneapolis, MN Mark A. MD, FL B. MD, PA MD, MI MD, Michael C. MD, New York, NY MD, MD, PhD, Japan Mark MD, Baltimore, MD MBBS, MS(Orth), DNBOrtho, India J. MD, Columbia, MO MD, Worcester, MA MD, Hershey, PA W. DO, City, PhD, People’s Republic of China MD, PhD, Madrid, Spain MD, Galveston, TX MD, New York, NY MD, E. MD, IL Joshua MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, MD, New NJ Elizabeth MD, New York, NY David S. MD, NY M. MD, FACS, OH MD, OH MD, FL V. MD, FRCS, Leeds, United Kingdom MD, PhD, Philadelphia, PA PhD, M. MD, City, BSc(Hons), MB ChB, FRCS(Tr&Orth), United Kingdom Adam MD, Jacksonville, FL MD, MS, Columbus, OH A. MD, St. Louis, MO MD, VA R. MD, Boston, MA MS, Boston, MA MD, Philadelphia, PA John T. MD, NY J. MD, St. Louis, MO MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, Ann Arbor, MI John MD, Hartford, CT MD, VIC, Australia George FRCS(Tr&Orth), ON, Canada MD, NC Green, MD, Providence, RI Jeffrey A. MD, Indianapolis, IN NY PhD, Minneapolis, MN PhD, MD, Anthony Michael MSc, ON, Canada Steven MD, WI MD, France MD, Spain MD, ON, Canada T. MD, PA MD, Portland, OR MD, NY MD, PhD, People’s Republic of China MD, Baltimore, MD MD, PhD, MSc, Geoffrey Frederick MD, MD, FL MD, Seattle, WA Mohammad MD, MD, PhD, People’s Republic of China Justin MD, City, MD, NC William G. Hamilton, MD, VA MD, San CA IL George MD, Minneapolis, MN K. MD, OH D. MD, Pittsburgh, PA M. MD, City, TN G. MD, CA B. MD, New York, NY MD, Minneapolis, MN PhD, Hill, NC A. MD, FACS, MD, NC MD, San Antonio, TX MSc, Canada S. MD, PhD, OH BS, IL MD, PhD, Osaka, Japan MD, Minneapolis, MN M. MD, CO MD, Jacksonville, FL MD, PhD, Portland, OR MD, Canada MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, PhD, Helsinki, Finland MD, MN MD, Philadelphia, PA R. MD, Baltimore, MD PhD, City, MD, Hershey, PA MD, PhD, Nicholas Michael MD, Seattle, WA MD, France MD, PhD, Spain John Anthony MD, TX MD, Switzerland Carlos A. MD, FL G. Hill, MSc, John PhD, TX MBBS, FRCS, Ann MD, TX M. Mark MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, Switzerland G. MD, V. MD, MBA, Pittsburgh, PA T. MD, MS, TN Paul MD, PhD, MN M. MD, City, CA MD, MD, MN PhD, Zurich, Switzerland Matthew T. MD, MN MD, PhD, the MD, Canada E. MD, Seattle, WA MD, People’s Republic of China Alexander MD, New York, NY Michael MD, TX R. MD, Hill, NC MD, PhD, OH Nicholas MD, Seattle, WA MD, MS, OH M. MD, PhD, ON, Canada MD, PhD, Japan MD, San CA MD, Boston, MA TX John MD, Los Angeles, CA J. MD, MBA, Columbia, Joshua J. MD, IL David MD, AZ MD, PhD, St. Switzerland William MD, New York, NY MD, MBA, Baltimore, MD MD, St. Louis, MO PhD, Denmark A. MD, MD, San Diego, CA PhD, Minneapolis, MN MD, Boston, MA MPH, OH MD, CO MD, David Scott MD, MBA, VA PhD, MD, People’s Republic of China Michael MD, FL William MD, Philadelphia, PA PhD, Saint MN David BSc(Hons), MB ChB, FRCS(Tr&Orth), United Kingdom E. MD, TX Scott Fort KY B. MD, Phoenix, AZ MD, Columbus, OH MB ChB, BSc(Hons), MSc, FRCS(Tr&Orth), Birmingham, United Kingdom MD, Minneapolis, MN C. PhD, Baltimore, MD MS(Orth), India MD, MD, St. Switzerland David MD, CO Michael J. MD, OH MD, MS, VA B. MD, Boston, MA MD, Portland, OR A. MD, New York, NY MBBS, MRCS, NY F. MD, OH PhD, NJ MD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), KY MD, CO Daniel G. MD, WA MD, Republic of Korea MS, MRCS, India Nathan MD, NY MD, Denmark MD, Turkey PhD, MD, Baltimore, MD PhD, San CA F. MD, CT MD, PhD, Osaka, Japan MD, PhD, Japan MD, Los Angeles, CA MBBS, BSc, FRCS(Tr&Orth), PhD, United Kingdom John F. United Kingdom Jay D. MD, St. Louis, MO A. MD, Columbia, MO Steven A. F. MD, TX Michael MD, San Diego, CA M. MD, NY John D. MD, Philadelphia, PA MSc, MRCS, Keith MD, Columbia, MO MD, DE MD, New York, NY Michael MD, TX Ahmed A. MD, FRCS, MSc, Egypt MD, MSc, Hamilton, ON, Canada PhD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), United Kingdom MD, San CA A. MD, NY Michael MD, TX Steven C. NY David MD, Boston, MA MD, Republic of Korea MD, PhD, Republic of Korea MD, MS, TX MD, PhD, Republic of Korea Republic of Korea W. MD, PhD, San Diego, CA MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan Paul J. MD, MD MD, CA John S. MD, FL MD, Philadelphia, PA PhD, MD, Japan Daniel MBBS, Michael J. MD, New York, NY MD, NJ Michael R. MD, FACS, CA MD, Seattle, WA M. DO, Columbia, MO MD, Durham, NC K. MS, Phoenix, AZ PhD, Australia Michael MD, New York, NY PhD, IL MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan Boston, MA Fort TX MD, IL São Paulo, Brazil David A. MD, MSc, New York, NY A. MD, PhD, Greece A. MD, Greece MD, PhD, France S. MD, CT Matthew J. MD, TX MD, Philadelphia, PA G. MD, TX A. MD, MA John William MD, VA MD, PhD, Japan MS(Orth), India MD, PhD, Japan MD, MBBS, MS(Orth), MD, Seattle, WA John MD, Boston, MA F. MD, Minneapolis, MN William D. MD, Seattle, WA MD, New York, NY R. MD, United FRCS, United Kingdom Daniel MD, TN David C. MD, PhD, VA B. MD, NY M. MD, New York, NY Jeffrey MD, Boston, MA PhD, MI Nathan MD, Fort NC A. MD, San CA M. MD, A. MD, MN PhD, FL MD, MSc, ON, Canada WI Carlos J. MD, FL MD, MSc, Canada A. MD, Elizabeth C. MD, Albuquerque, NM M. MD, Saint Louis, MO Alexander MD, FL MD, ON, Canada R. MD, New York, NY MD, Boston, MA Mark C. MD, Hartford, CT Mark MD, CA MD, New York, NY MD, IL MD, MD, MSc, PhD, São Paulo, Brazil MS, FRCS, Paul MD, NY R. MD, MS, Washington, DC MD, FL MD, FRCS, United Kingdom MD, PhD, New CT MD, People’s Republic of China PhD, MA Stephen PhD, FL David M. MD, Fort TX Elizabeth G. MD, Portland, OR Jay R. MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, PhD, MD, Maywood, IL Boston, MA S. MD, NJ MD, MS, MD, PhD, Aurora, CO MD, MS, New York, NY MD, OH Nanjing, People’s Republic of China S. MD, Boston, MA T. MD, Indianapolis, IN Ryan MD, Canada V. MD, FACS, New OH Philip MD, Seattle, WA MD, FL John D. MD, PA John MD, MD, IL MD, Brazil Jeffrey T. MD, Minneapolis, MN PhD, IL Douglas William MD, MBA, PA Stephen PhD, Japan Jeffrey MD, MD, San CA Scott MD, Birmingham, J. MBBS, Australia Elizabeth MD, St. Louis, MO MD, PhD, Norway FRCS(Tr&Orth), United Kingdom MD, City, David MD, TX MD, PhD, Greece MD, Brooklyn, NY Philip PhD, PA MD, Canada Michael MD, MO S. MD, City, W. MD, Wilmington, NC J. MD, City, C. MD, CA R. MD, PhD, Saint MN MD, Minneapolis, MN PhD, MPH, City, G. MD, MSc, New York, NY Nicholas MD, San CA Matthew J. MD, MO Frederick A. MD, Seattle, WA Paul MD, KY Elizabeth MD, Boston, MA S. MD, Pittsburgh, PA David MD, New York, NY David MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, VA MBBS, Australia S. MD, MD, San Diego, CA E. PhD, MBA, Kansas City, Michael D. MD, Phoenix, AZ PhD, Los Angeles, CA F. MD, WA J. MD, Kansas City, C. MD, PhD, Pittsburgh, PA Michael J. MD, New CT MBBS, MS(Orth), DNBOrtho, New Delhi, India D. MD, MSc, PhD, Athens, Greece MBA, IL T. DO, MPH, OH J. Mark MD, M. MD, PhD, Philadelphia, PA MD, NC MD, Boston, MA MD, MSc, Los Angeles, CA MD, Aurora, CO J. MD, MS, City, MD, Saint Louis, MO John MD, Maywood, IL MD, Wilmington, DE J. MD, MSc, CO Michael B. MD, Boston, MA MD, Durham, NC MD, OH MD, PhD, Osaka, Japan K. MD, MPH, DO, AZ Scott MD, TX David G. MD, City, CA MD, MD, MA MD, PhD, the M. PhD, IL MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, MD, Tokyo, Japan MD, Zurich, Switzerland Nathan MD, Albuquerque, NM MD, KY MD, PhD, San CA MD, T. MD, VA Michael MD, Boston, MA K. MD, Maywood, IL Michael MD, Maywood, IL M. MD, Jacksonville, FL T. MBBS, Australia MD, PhD, Japan PhD, MD, City, Japan S. MD, CA MD, MSc, Philadelphia, PA BS, East Providence, RI Ahmad MD, MN MD, MSc, ON, Canada MD, Boston, MA E. PhD, City, MD, Philadelphia, PA MS(Orth), India Alexander MD, New York, NY MD, San Diego, CA MD, St. MN T. MPH, New York, NY MD, IL MD, IL S. MD, PhD, Athens, Greece Philip C. PhD, TX MD, PhD, TX MD, William T. MD, MPH, TN MD, VA E. MD, New York, NY MD, FRCS, Denmark Matthew E. MD, Washington, DC MD, PhD, Republic of Korea Scott MD, TX MD, PhD, Japan MD, MBA, MSc, Ann Arbor, MI Adam Stephen MD, MS, Pittsburgh, PA Steven A. MD, Durham, NC J. MD, MO A. MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, PhD, Hamilton, ON, Canada Joshua M. MD, Philadelphia, PA Spain MSc, PhD, AB, Canada S. Park, MD, Charlottesville, VA Park, MD, PhD, Republic of Korea Park, MD, PhD, Republic of Korea MD, FRCS, Istanbul, Turkey K. MD, PhD, Boston, MA MD, Durham, NC Ryan MD, TX MD, MO MD, St. Louis, MO V. MA, MD, Aurora, CO MS(Orth), DNBOrtho, Delhi, India M. MD, MBA, OH MD, IL D. MD, MD, Baltimore, MD MD, PhD, San CA J. MD, CO MD, PhD, MD, the Stephen MD, FRCS, OH Michael MD, Maywood, IL MD, France MD, PA MD, PhD, New York, NY PhD, ON, Canada MD, New NJ MD, Boston, MA David W. MD, Minneapolis, MN MD, TN K. MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, A. MD, Boston, MA MD, Boston, MA PhD, People’s Republic of China PhD, MD, People’s Republic of China Fernando PhD, New York, NY Stephen Matthew MD, FL MD, New York, NY Mark MD, TX MD, MS, Los Angeles, CA MD, San Antonio, TX D. MBBS, United Kingdom E. Anthony MD, Washington, DC MD, Los Angeles, CA John Stephen MSc, MD, CT MD, Seattle, WA Michael MD, MN M. MD, TX J. MD, New York, NY Kent Alan MD, San Antonio, TX MD, St. Louis, MO MD, OH F. MD, NY MD, KY MD, Albuquerque, NM MD, the M. PhD, OH David MD, PhD, TX MD, PhD, F. MD, Akron, OH R. MD, W. MD, WA T. MD, NY MD, MN Paul MD, FL Scott A. MD, New York, NY MD, PhD, Boston, MA PhD, MD, D. MD, MD, S. MD, MN MD, New York, NY David MD, City, Tamara D. MD, Boston, MA Paul T. MD, NY J. MD, CO MD, Republic of Korea MD, MPH, OH MD, MPH, CA MS, India MD, PhD, Japan MS, CO MD, MBA, Maywood, IL Paul MD, OH MBBS, DNBOrtho, India MD, Hill, NC Michael Adelaide, SA, Australia J. MD, Seattle, WA PhD, Los Angeles, CA MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, MBA, New York, NY MD, MBA, OH C. MD, Albuquerque, NM Daniel DO, MS, NY J. MD, WI S. MD, PhD, AB, Canada C. MD, Burlington, VT J. DO, MN MD, MS, Los Angeles, CA S. MD, TN MD, CA M. MD, M. PhD, NY MD, MS, New York, NY Michael MD, Kansas City, MO Ann R. MD, OH Michael MD, Columbia, MO Anthony MD, NJ MD, CA R. MD, New York, NY PhD, New PA John MD, Ryan Scott MD, IL FRCS, MD, Ankara, Turkey MD, MS, Canada MD, VA MS(Orth), United Kingdom Sameer B. PhD, CA S. MD, Boston, MA M. MD, Boston, MA MD, MD, New York, NY MD, OH William J. MD, MN A. MD, CO Scott B. MD, NC MBBS, PhD, FRCSEd(T&O), Alexander David FRCS(Tr&Orth), St. United Kingdom MD, People’s Republic of China MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, VA MS(Orth), India PhD, MD, Japan Chang MD, Republic of Korea MD, MD, Albuquerque, NM MD, Albuquerque, NM Ahmed DO, MBA, NJ J. MD, Birmingham, J. MD, MN PhD, Canada MD, OH R. Silva, MD, Albuquerque, NM Silva, MD, Los Angeles, CA MD, Boston, MA MD, CA MD, IL R. MD, FACS, CA W. MD, CA Matthew J. MD, Columbia, MO J. FL MD, New CT FRCS, MD, CA Daniel Jordan MD, CA S. MD, Galveston, TX Nelson F. MD, CA Mark J. MD, Phoenix, AZ David MD, Philadelphia, PA Andrea MD, Madison, WI MD, Los Angeles, CA Paul D. MD, MBA, Baltimore, MD MD, MBA, MPH, Columbia, MD MD, Grand MI Justin DO, CA MD, MBA, OH Jeffrey B. MD, MD, PhD, MSc, FACS, Athens, Greece MD, David R. MD, Philadelphia, PA MD, Washington, DC J. MD, OH MD, IL Alexander PhD, Burlington, VT Michael A. MD, Los Angeles, CA J. MD, New York, NY Daniel J. MD, MS, TX MD, PhD, Japan J. MD, City, MBBS, DNBOrtho, India Michael D. MD, Portland, OR J. MD, PA MD, CA MD, Park, Michael DO, MI MD, MS, Minneapolis, MN MD, PhD, Osaka, Japan J. MD, VIC, Australia MD, TN MD, KY MD, MS, Thailand MD, PhD, Japan MD, Phoenix, AZ MD, New York, NY MD, City, MD, MBA, Durham, NC David C. MD, City, C. MD, New York, NY MD, FL David C. MD, Minneapolis, MN Joshua MD, Hill, NC M. MD, Providence, RI MD, Australia MD, PhD, Pittsburgh, PA MBBS, MS, MCh, FRCS, India MBBS, PhD, IL George MD, OH Stephen R. MD, MD, Los Angeles, CA DO, MPH, Boston, MA Carlos MD, Daniel MD, Boston, MA MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, ON, Canada MD, WA MD, Mexico City, Mexico MD, Washington, DC K. MD, New York, NY MS(Orth), India MD, St. MN MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan F. MD, Hershey, PA MD, San CA MD, OH K. MD, PhD, Seattle, WA Ann E. MD, Minneapolis, MN M. MD, PhD, the J. PhD, Burlington, VT E. MD, Greece MD, MSc, BSc, Athens, Greece MD, CA S. MD, the MD, PhD, G. MD, New MD, MSc, MBA, PhD, New York, NY MD, Boston, MA MD, ON, Canada R. MD, MS, MD, Minneapolis, MN B. MD, St. Louis, MO W. MB ChB, United Kingdom Dean MD, CA PhD, People’s Republic of China MD, PhD, People’s Republic of China MD, City, MD, PhD, IL Elizabeth MD, ON, Canada Daniel MD, Albuquerque, NM MD, CA MD, NC J. MD, St. Louis, MO David MD, St. MN Stephen C. MD, San Diego, CA Scott D. MD, Akron, MD Steven MD, NJ C. MD, TX MD, City, Syracuse, NY C. MD, Charlottesville, VA MD, PhD, France Daniel B. MD, MSc, ON, Canada J. MD, San Antonio, TX K. MD, Daniel MB MSc, United Kingdom Alexander MD, Philadelphia, PA M. MD, TN PhD, TX MD, Farmington, CT Daniel MD, New CT Philip R. MD, CA MD, San CA MD, Canada Joshua Providence, RI Woods, MD, NJ PhD, MD, the MD, Saint Louis, MO G. MD, MPH, ON, Canada M. PhD, New York, NY MD, Boston, MA MD, People’s Republic of China C. MD, MN D. MD, Boston, MA PhD, MI MBBS, PhD, MD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan MD, PhD, Japan MD, Seattle, WA J. MD, Pittsburgh, PA PhD, MI MD, Istanbul, Turkey MD, PhD, Republic of Korea MD, PhD, Japan MD, Japan MD, MB ChB, Canada Elizabeth MD, Columbus, OH V. DO, MS, Madison, WI Alberto MD, Italy MD, Boston, MA MD, MD MD, People’s Republic of China MD, Boston, MA MD, People’s Republic of China MD, PhD, New York, NY MD, ON, Canada MD, People’s Republic of China MD, PhD, AB, Canada PhD, Charlottesville, VA IN MD, San CA MD, WA D. MD, New York, NY A. MD, Switzerland
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.442 | 0.316 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".