Morphology, phylogeny and reproduction of <i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> populations from tomato fields in Sinaloa, Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify Rotylenchulus species associated with tomatoes in Sinaloa, Mexico, as well as to determine the reproduction factor of different populations. A total of 72 soil samples were collected from nine tomato fields in Sinaloa, Mexico, and nematodes were extracted. Morphological characteristics of Rotylenchulus populations were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For phylogenetic analyses, DNA was extracted from females and the D2–D3 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene and a partial region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (coxI) were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Populations with the highest number of juveniles and immature females were selected by each location and were inoculated in tomato plants for the evaluation of reproduction factor (RF) at 75 days after inoculation with different inoculum concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 individuals per plant). In total, six populations of Rotylenchulus were obtained from sampling sites located in the municipalities of Guasave (3), Navolato (2) and Culiacán (1). The three populations with the highest number of nematodes were selected for morphological and molecular identification. The morphological characteristics of the three analyzed populations were similar to the previous descriptions reported for Rotylenchulus reniformis. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the results of the morphological characterization. The population of Culiacan showed the highest RF with values of 53, 59 and 66 for each inoculum concentration (500, 1000 and 2000), respectively; meanwhile, the population of Guasave showed the lowest RF with values of 12, 18 and 19, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".