MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4416211643 · doi:10.1080/09637494.2025.2577540

Christian Zionisms in historical depth and geographical breadth: a typology

2025· article· en· W4416211643 on OpenAlex
Paul Freston

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueReligion State & Society · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicJewish and Middle Eastern Studies
Canadian institutionsWilfrid Laurier University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTypologyField (mathematics)Work (physics)Ethnic group

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The contribution contends that the longue durée of the Christian Zionist phenomenon, its geographical breadth, and its ideological diversity, suggest the need for a typology of Christian Zionisms, based on the plurality of motivations. As background to this, the contribution briefly portrays the lengthy history of restorationism/Christian Zionism in terms of its mutability, having evolved in stages determined by the relationship between the two major Christian expectations regarding the Jews: conversion to Christianity and restoration to Palestine. There have also been changing perceptions of enemies and allies, and a changing focus, from homeland to state to extent of territory. Regarding geographical expansion, the emphasis is on religious geography as the major determinant. Reasons are mooted for the overwhelmingly Protestant nature of CZ, and for its recent growth in the Global South. A typology is then presented, of seven ‘ideal types’ of CZ: prophetic, prosperity, covenantal, cultural, humanitarian, Islamophobic, and indigenous. The contribution concludes with remarks on the many surprises in the historical and geographical trajectory of CZ.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.733
Threshold uncertainty score0.989

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.293
Teacher spread0.276 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it