Narrative review of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric complications associated with prematurity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prematurity, defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation, remains a significant global health concern due to its strong association with increased infant morbidity and mortality. Despite significant advances in antenatal care and neonatal intensive care, preterm infants remain highly susceptible to complications including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis. These conditions not only affect immediate survival but also contribute to long-term neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric challenges that may persist throughout the life span. Survivors of preterm born infants continue to face higher risks of cognitive, motor, and behavioural impairments, as well as psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. This narrative review synthesises the recent findings regarding long-term impacts of prematurity on neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes. It highlights their incidence, risk factors, and the screening and assessment tools currently used in clinical and research settings. By synthesising current knowledge, the review aims to guide clinical care, support early identification of at-risk infants, and inform future research priorities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".