Disease duration modulates <scp>BOLD</scp> representations of alpha oscillations in drug‐resistant epilepsy: A concurrent <scp>EEG</scp> and <scp>fMRI</scp> study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Alpha oscillations play a fundamental role in top-down cognitive processes by regulating cortical excitability. Building on previous reports of altered alpha activity in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), we conducted concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to investigate the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) correlates of alpha oscillations and assess whether these responses are modulated by disease duration. METHODS: Twenty-seven adults with focal DRE were recruited to undergo concurrent EEG and fMRI studies. Alpha oscillations were defined as the frequency range spanning from 7 Hz to the individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF) plus 2 Hz. Both relative alpha power fluctuations and epilepsy duration were included in the fMRI data analysis. RESULTS: The BOLD responses associated with alpha oscillations in patients with DRE differed from those previously reported in healthy individuals. Epilepsy duration was negatively correlated with IAPF and modulated alpha-related activity in brain regions implicated in sympathetic regulation: (1) increased activation in the paracentral lobule and right anterior and posterior insular cortices, and (2) decreased activation in the bilateral angular gyri and left orbitofrontal gyrus. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings advance our understanding of how epilepsy interacts with the central autonomic system by revealing distinct modulation of alpha activity. Although brain imaging is critical in epilepsy assessment, MRI findings in patients with DRE are often unremarkable. This study provides an alternative approach to characterizing disease progression in DRE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".