Predictors of Acute and Chronic PTSD in Road Trauma Survivors: Insights from a 12-Month Cohort Study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The present study reports the prevalence of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (2 months post-injury) and chronic PTSD symptoms (6 and 12 months post-injury) among road trauma survivors. We also examine baseline factors as potential predictors of acute and chronic PTSD symptoms post-injury. Methods: This study followed a prospective cohort, enrolling 1480 survivors in Canada, between July 2018 and March 2020. PTSD symptoms were measured with the Post-traumatic Check-List Scale (PCL-S) at 2, 6, and 12 months post-injury. Baseline sociodemographic, psychological, medical, and injury-related factors were examined as predictors of acute and long-term PTSD symptoms using multivariable logistic regression. Results: PTSD symptoms were reported by 241 of 1074 participants (22.4%) at 2 months, 167 of 935 (17.9%) at 6 months, and 141 of 872 (16.2%) at 12 months. Female sex, Asian ethnicity, more retrospectively reported pre-injury somatic symptoms, greater pre-injury psychological distress, and being a pedestrian (vs a driver) were consistently linked to higher odds of PTSD symptoms at 2 and 6 months. At 2 months, younger age, greater pre-injury pain catastrophizing, uncertain recovery expectations, and head or spine/back injuries were additional significant predictors, while by 6 months, having neck injury remained significant. By 12 months, chronic PTSD symptoms was associated with greater pre-injury pain catastrophizing, lower pre-injury health-related quality of life, and spine/back injury. Injury pain remained a predictor across all follow-ups. Conclusion: PTSD symptom prevalence among survivors decreased between 2 and 6 months post-injury, but recovery rate slowed thereafter, with reduction between 6 and 12 months being much smaller than the earlier decrease. Furthermore, as some significant factors are modifiable, early interventions-such as effective pain management, psychological support, and coping strategy training-may help mitigate PTSD symptoms. Brief screening for psychological distress and pain catastrophizing could further support timely identification and referral of high-risk patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it