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Record W4416300702 · doi:10.5539/elt.v18n12p22

Conventional Critical Reading Practices and 21st Century Learner Preference

2025· article· W4416300702 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Tuan Sarifah Aini Syed Ahmad, Roslina Abdul Aziz, Suryani Awang, Siti Nurshafezan Ahmad, Nurul Afifah Binti Azlan

Bibliographic record

VenueEnglish Language Teaching · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEducation and Critical Thinking Development
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsReading (process)DisconnectionCritical readingPreferenceInclusion (mineral)Critical literacyTeaching methodProcess (computing)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Today’s generations of learners possess learning preferences that differ from previous generations: active, independent and team player. The acquisition of critical reading skills in the 21st century demands learners to take active roles. However, conventional practices of teaching and learning critical reading are still taking precedence in the changing world and may not work well with learning preferences of today’s learners. Thus, this systematic literature review aims to explore the extent of the disparity of traditional practices and learning styles of the current generation by identifying the occurrence of conventional practices, distinguishing today’s learner preferences, and determining whether conventional methods of teaching critical reading align with the learning styles of students today. Past literature on teaching critical reading was selected, underwent a screening process based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then synthesised and integrated. The results revealed that conventional methods of teaching critical reading remained prominent, producing a clear pattern of misalignment between old and new practices in teaching and learning critical reading skills. The disconnection between conventional practices and today's learning preferences suggests the need to adopt more innovative models for teaching critical reading and to enhance teacher training in innovative critical literacy to align with 21st century learning.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.010
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.041
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.010
Threshold uncertainty score0.055

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0100.041
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0040.004
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0030.003
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.031
GPT teacher head0.369
Teacher spread0.339 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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