Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the reclamation of the sexist slur niangmen (娘们), meaning “like a woman.” Although this term’s adjective form is predominantly pejorative, it appears to be undergoing reclamation, a process where slurs are reconceptualized to neutralize or subvert their discriminatory connotations. With content analysis from a critical perspective, we find that, on Xiaohongshu, a female-dominated platform, the term is predominantly used positively and is metadiscursively framed as feminist activism, whereas on Hupu, a male-dominated platform, it remains exclusively pejorative and does not provoke metadiscourse. Therefore, at this stage, reclamation appears to be limited to in-group contexts despite reclaimers' ambitions of valorizing women broadly. We also suggest that the morphological relation between niangmen and other niang-stemmed slurs points to broader (trans)misogynist ideologies, which will play an important role in the feasibility of niangmen’s full reclamation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".