The morphology of erythrocytes reveals differences in the mechanisms of erythrocyte derived extracellular vesicle formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EDEVs) are a promising tool for “targeted drug delivery,” and this study aimed to compare several methods of obtaining EDEVs from erythrocytes in vitro . Scanning electron microscopy revealed that under certain treatments (calcium ionophore A23187, SDS, LPA, and incubation at 50°C), erythrocytes shed EDEVs. The differences in the morphology of erythrocytes subjected to EDEVs-stimulating treatments suggest distinct mechanisms of EDEVs formation. Raman spectroscopy showed that EDEVs obtained by heat treatment may contain hemoglobin, while SDS-induced treatment produces hemoglobin-free vesicles. The data obtained will allow for a targeted selection of EDEVs production methods based on their required composition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".