Inclusive militarism? Canada's feminist policy-making in security and defence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, we examine how feminist goals inform Canada's security and defence policies. Using an intersectional feminist framework, we outline gender-inclusive strategies in the defence sector, and their limitations. Although important pro-feminist improvements have been made in Canada's security and defence policies, we argue that they are unlikely to translate into structurally transformative outcomes because they are narrowly operationalized through individual-level advancement and traditional national security objectives. Canada's approach hinges on inclusivity measures, such as recruitment and integrating gender-based analysis into institutional processes. Not only do these measures pale in comparison to investments in defence infrastructure, they also reinforce militarism. Canada's feminist security and defence policies treat militarism, both ideologically and practically, as the “common-sense” response to insecurity and inequality, squeezing out anti-militarist and social justice approaches to global problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".