Trophic and temporal dynamics of macrophage biology in human inner ear organogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent single-cell transcriptomic approaches are uncovering the breadth and depth of cell diversity within the mammalian inner ear. Macrophages, detected from fetal week 5 in the human inner ear, persist into adulthood and yet remain poorly understood in terms of their origin and function. Using self-generated and public scRNA-seq data, we identified seven distinct macrophage subtypes spanning fetal weeks 7.5 to 16.4 and adulthood. Each macrophage subtype is linked to specific developmental stages and displays a unique gene expression profile. These findings corroborate earlier histological evidence of resident and non-resident macrophages in both the developing and adult human cochlea. We also showed that the human inner ear is seeded by macrophages from both embryonic and more definitive sources, corroborating studies in mice. By analyzing ligand-receptor interactions, we highlight potential macrophage contributions to inner ear organogenesis. This research provides new insights into the diverse roles of human inner ear macrophages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".