POCUS for Detection of Esophageal and Gastric Foreign Bodies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Foreign body ingestion is a common and challenging complaint for physicians in the emergency department (ED). Although most foreign bodies pass naturally without surgical intervention, about 10-20% require removal based on their size, shape, and location within the gastrointestinal tract. X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are frequently used for evaluation. However, x-rays cannot detect radiolucent foreign bodies, both modalities emit ionizing radiation, and CT scans are notably expensive. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) offers a valuable alternative for detecting foreign bodies, as it avoids radiation exposure, reduces costs, and is readily accessible. Case Series: We present a case series involving three distinct instances of foreign body ingestion, where POCUS enhanced patient outcomes and disposition. This series includes evidence on use of POCUS for an obstructed esophageal foreign body and two gastric foreign bodies in a stable patient and unstable altered patient suspected of medication overdose. Conclusion: POCUS is an effective tool for identifying foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially when x-rays fail to visualize non-radiopaque materials or when attempting to minimize radiation from CT scans. It allows emergency physicians to quickly confirm the presence and precise location of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to faster clinical decision making and reduced risk of complications, such as perforation or obstruction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".