Nanoplastics and the Role of the Corona in the Biological Responses of <i>Daphnia magna</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the aquatic environment, organisms predominantly interact with nanoplastics coated with environmental biomolecules rather than with bare plastics. This study investigates the biological response of Daphnia magna neonates to bare and biomolecule-coated nanoplastics over 24 and 48 h. The commercially available fetal bovine serum (FBS), biomolecules collected from D. magna secretions (DSB), and algae biomolecules (AB), were used to coat (hard corona) 20 nm fluorescent nanoplastics. The results show that neonate exposure to both bare and coated nanoplastics resulted in the production of biomolecules by the neonates, which interacted with the nanoplastic surface, uniquely altering their properties through binding and exchange of biomolecules, affecting their internalization and toxicity. Neonates exposed to bare nanoplastics exhibited the highest mortality rates, while nanoplastics coated with FBS, DSB, and AB resulted in lower mortality, suggesting that corona composition significantly influences nanoplastic toxicity. Confocal microscopy revealed the highest internalization for the bare, DSB, and AB coated nanoplastics compared to the FBS coated nanoplastics. Swimming behavior was mostly affected by the bare nanoplastics compared to the corona-coated nanoplastics. The antioxidant defense mechanisms, including glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in D. magnahomogenates exposed to both bare and protein-coated nanoplastics, in order to better understand the overall oxidative stress responses in neonates. Results demonstrated higher enzyme activities at 24 h of exposure to all nanoplastics, particularly for SOD and GST. At 48 h, CAT activity increased for all nanoplastics, indicating sustained oxidative stress and activation of mechanisms to neutralize ROS and mitigate cellular damage. This study underscores the critical role of the coronas in modulating nanoplastic toxicity, advocating for their consideration in toxicological risk assessments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".