ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SWEETENED BEVERAGES CONSUMPTION WITH THE INCIDENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Konsumsi minuman berpemanis gula (SSB) dan pemanis buatan (ASB) telah dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dan penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Namun, bukti mengenai dampak jangka panjang dari kedua jenis minuman ini masih bervariasi. Studi ini merupakan kajian sistematis yang dilakukan sesuai dengan pedoman PRISMA. Sebanyak 18 artikel dari studi kohort dan potong lintang yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025, dengan subjek penelitian orang dewasa untuk menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi SSB dan ASB dengan DMT2 dan PKV. Penilaian kualitas dilakukan menggunakan Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Konsumsi SSB dan ASB secara konsisten dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko DMT2 dan CVD dengan risiko relatif (HR/OR) berkisar antara 1,06 hingga 2,40 untuk DMT2 dan 1,09 hingga 2,44 untuk CVD. Oleh karena itu, strategi kesehatan masyarakat sebaiknya tidak hanya mengalihkan konsumsi dari SSB ke ASB, melainkan menekankan pada pembatasan konsumsi keduanya secara menyeluruh melalui kebijakan regulatif, edukatif, dan fiskal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".