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Record W4416364667 · doi:10.14507/er.v32.4321

Review of Educational Pluralism and Democracy: How to Handle Indoctrination, Promote Exposure, and Rebuild America’s Schools, by Ashley Rogers Berner

2025· article· W4416364667 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Francis Schrag

Bibliographic record

VenueEducation Review · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicReligious Education and Schools
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPluralism (philosophy)Educational research

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

E Pluribus Unum-from many one-is our Latin motto, but in this challenging book, Ashley Rogers Berner claims that we've never really honored the pluribus part. 1 The several states that established public schools were originally Protestant but are now secular.This forced dissenting parents to either pay a financial premium for sending their children to schools consistent with their distinctive vision of the good life, or to send their children to a "public" school that would inculcate values and attitudes they deplore.It should not and would not have to be like that, she writes, as educational systems in many countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands demonstrate.According to Berner, the government ought to fund all schools and even homeschoolers, so long as they adhere to the Unites States Constitution.The Constitution, Berner believes, would set boundaries, forbidding discrimination in hiring or admissions on the basis of race, to take one example. 2 This may sound attractive to some, but dangerous to others.Doesn't it ignore the unum part of the motto?Would her proposed restructuring not lead to indoctrinating students, thereby intensifying already alarming polarization?No, argues Berner, because she identifies an "unum," a common liberal arts curriculum that ought to be taught in all schools.These schools would not be guilty of the charge of indoctrinating their students, she claims, because they would expose students to alternative viewpoints on controversial 1 At least not since prior to the establishment of public school systems in the mid-19th century.2 Chapter five provides a lucid and fair-minded review of Supreme Court decisions that indicate the boundaries of what parents or schools may do.Berner acknowledges that some of these boundaries are clear, others fuzzy.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.020
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score0.041

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0050.020
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0050.007
Science and technology studies0.0010.003
Scholarly communication0.0050.008
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0040.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.338
Teacher spread0.327 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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