Design of A 2-Bit Unit-Cell For Electronic Beam-Switching Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel design of a 2-bit phase resolution unit-cell tailored for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) operating at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$26 \mathbf{~ G H z}$</tex>. The unit-cell achieves four discrete phase states <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0^{\circ}, 90^{\circ}, 180^{\circ}$</tex>, and 270° by switching the ON/OFF states of two integrated switches, thereby enabling dynamic electronic beam steering. Full-wave simulations under periodic boundary conditions confirm that the unit maintains exceptionally low reflection loss (better than 0.1 dB) across a wide frequency range. Furthermore, the beam-steering capability is validated through far-field analysis of a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10 \times 10$</tex> unitcell reflectarray. Simulation results demonstrate effective beam deflection with scan losses of only 1.8 dB and 4 dB at 20° and 40° angles, respectively, confirming the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed RIS design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".