An Annotated Checklist of the Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Vermont with Conservation Status and Natural History Notes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive checklist and conservation assessment of the bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna of the State of Vermont. This checklist of 351 species (plus 1 morphospecies) is based on 79,206 open-access data records available from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), nearly all (98%) of which were identified by an author or trusted collaborator, including 100% of the 24,270 research-grade observations from the community science platform iNaturalist. Through fieldwork and digitization of museum collections, we documented 9 species previously unreported from New England and as many as 24 novel host–parasite relationships. Overall, Vermont shares much of the bee fauna of neighboring states, with a notable contingent of northern and western species not regularly found elsewhere in New England or New York. Conservation rankings indicate that as many as 60% of the bee species in the state are vulnerable (S3 or lower). Detailed species accounts are provided as supplementary material, which cover the phenology, state-wide distribution, conservation status, and floral preferences of Vermont's bee fauna.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".