Clinical Outcomes of Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for the Resection of Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Anterior skull base meningiomas account for 6% to 13% of all meningiomas. The extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to these meningiomas offers many advantages such as early devascularization, adequate tumor resection and preservation of neurovascular structures. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing EEA for anterior skull base meningiomas, including recurrence rate and prognostic factors. METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted on adult patients who underwent EEA for anterior skull base meningiomas at The Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus between October 2014 and October 2023. RESULTS: ). Mean surgical duration was 351 minutes, and mean blood loss was 472 ml. A nasoseptal flap was used in 92% of cases. CSF leaks occurred in four cases (16%) and were managed with lumbar drainage. Total or near-total resection was achieved in 87.5% of OG cases and 82.4% of TS cases. Subtotal resections were significantly associated with larger tumor volumes (p = 0.03). Most of our cohort's histopathological findings were World Health Organization grade I meningiomas (92%). Our mean follow-up was 5.56 years and tumor recurrence was seen in one patient. CONCLUSION: Extended EEA for anterior skull base meningiomas is a safe and effective technique enabling total resection with a low recurrence rate. Optimal patient selection and multilayered reconstruction are critical to minimize complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".