(S17) a systemic review exploring the relationship between Varicocele and premature ejaculation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is a male sexual dysfunction characterized by ejaculation that always or nearly always occurs prior to or within a short period of vaginal penetration. Recently, a correlation between varicocele and (PE) has been observed sparking an interest in exploring the effect of varicocele repair on the duration of ejaculation. This work is aimed at systemically reviewing the literature to assess the correlation between (PE) and varicocele through (1) exploring the prevalence of PE in patients with varicocele, (2) reporting the effect of varicocelectomy on the duration of ejaculation or (PE) measures, and (3) assessing the quality of studies investigating this relationship. Methods This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included if they were original and (1) reported an association between the presence of clinical varicocele and premature ejaculation and/or (2) explored changes in ejaculation latency time after varicocele correction (either by subjective measures or by using objective measurement tools). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for non-randomized studies. Results Eight articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Two of the 8 studies examined the prevalence of (PE) among men with varicocele, reporting a significantly higher prevalence compared to those without varicocele. The remaining 6 studies explored the impact of varicocelectomy on various measures of (PE). Results of these studies were found to be conflicting. Considerable heterogeneity was noted with respect to the methods used in defining (PE) or measuring the outcome of varicocelectomy on ejaculation time. The (NOS) results identified two studies with a score of 8 stars, two studies with 6 stars, one with 5 stars and three with 4 stars. Conclusion (PE) is more prevalent in patients with varicocele in comparison to men without varicocele. Limited evidence suggests that varicocelectomy may be associated with prolongation of ejaculatory time and improvement in (PE). However, further studies are still required before indicating varicocele ligation as a sole treatment modality for patients with (PE).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it