Magnetic Bead-enhanced Proximity Extension Assay For Quantitative Detection of Treponemal and Lipoidal Antibodies in Syphilis Diagnosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Syphilis is one of the fastest-growing sexually transmitted infections in the U.S. and remains a significant global concern. The current diagnostic method relies on the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test for screening lipoidal antibodies and the Treponema pallidum particle aggregation (TPPA) test for confirming treponemal antibodies, each with its own limitations. Current treponemal tests provide only qualitative results, while lipoidal tests rely on subjective interpretation, that is prone to bias and has poor quantification accuracy, making clinical decision-making challenging. To address these limitations, we developed a magnetic bead-enhanced proximity extension assay employing lipid and protein coatings for the quantitative detection of treponemal and lipoidal antibodies in syphilis diagnosis. Our assay successfully quantified different titer samples, ranging from a 1:20 to 1:5120 TPPA titer for treponemal antibodies and from a 1:1 to 1:64 RPR titer for lipoidal antibodies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".