Compositional analysis and characterization of black huckleberry and soapberry: Two culturally significant berries for Indigenous communities of the Pacific Northwest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study addresses the need to generate data on the attributes of black huckleberries and soapberries growing in the traditional territory of the Syilx/Okanagan Nation. Black huckleberry were larger, with lower pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity than soapberry. Soapberry had higher dry matter, protein, and fat, similar ash, but lower carbohydrate content. Black huckleberry had higher levels (mg/100 g) of Ca (103), Mg (54), and Mn (8.8), whereas soapberry contained more K (795), P (166), B (0.86), Zn (0.85), Fe (2.25), and Cu (0.53). Glucose (252.3, 204.17 mg/g) and fructose (281.7, 203.49 mg/g) were the predominant sugars in both species. Arabinose (5.48, 23.21 mg/g) was present, yet no sucrose was detected. Citric acid was the dominant organic acid in both species (55.79, 53.43 mg/g). Black huckleberry exhibited higher total phenolic and anthocyanin contents. Both species demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with black huckleberry showing greater inhibition (64–88 % vs. 20–33 %). • Arabinose was found in soapberry & black huckleberry: glycemic control potential. • Both berries had significant antioxidant & α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. • Black huckleberry had lower fat & higher mineral content than blueberries; no vitamin C. • Soapberry was notable for high saponin, protein, fat content; lower carbohydrates. • Soapberry had high levels of citric acid & vitamin C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".