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Record W4416413223 · doi:10.3390/rs17223773

Evolution of Spaceborne SAR Missions in Earth Orbit

2025· article· en· W4416413223 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Marco D’Errico

Bibliographic record

VenueRemote Sensing · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicSatellite Communication Systems
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEarth observationSatelliteEarth observation satelliteLow earth orbitSynthetic aperture radarSpace-based radarOrbit (dynamics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A truly operational SAR was first flown in space in 1978 on board the Seasat satellite. Since then, its utilization first expanded to Canada, Europe and Japan, and then to countries with emerging space industries later on. Many technological developments have been crucial in the evolution of SAR missions. The introduction of active phased array antennas enabled a variety of operation modes and expanded SAR data applications. Miniaturization of satellite technology allowed for a paradigm change in SAR mission development with the use of small and micro satellites in lieu of large spacecraft. The paper reviews 47 years of SAR missions in low Earth orbit and highlights evolution trends by analyzing 200 satellites.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.007

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.252
Teacher spread0.235 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations4
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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