Design of Compact Hexagonal Patch Antenna for 5G Communication Systems Using The Corrugation Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces an improved miniaturization method for 5G hexagonal patch antennas using the corrugation technique. The antenna is initially optimized to operate at 28 GHz, achieving a return loss (RL) of 17dB. By adding corrugated slots to the radiator element, the antenna size is reduced by $75 \%$ while enhancing its performance. The tiny design achieves an RL of 40dB, a bandwidth of 3.3 GHz, a gain of $\mathbf{5 ~ d B i}$, and compact dimensions of $\mathbf{5. 4 4} \times \mathbf{5. 4 3} \times \mathbf{0. 8 2 1} \mathrm{mm}^{3}$. These results show the effectiveness of the proposed design in providing high performance within a much smaller footprint, making it a promising option for 5G millimeter-wave applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".