Socioeconomic inequalities in the association between secondhand smoke exposure and tooth loss in Brazil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine if (a) secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with tooth loss and (b) such a relationship is modified by socioeconomic position (SEP).MethodsData were from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression and binary logistic regression were employed to examine the association between monthly exposure to SHS at home or at work with extent of teeth lost and lack of functional dentition (FD), respectively. Effect Measure Modification (EMM) analyses and the simple slope test explored whether the association varied with levels of education, wealth, and income.ResultsThe sample comprised 53,295 never smoker adults. Those exposed to SHS had 4% (95% CI: 1.01; 1.07) more lost teeth, were 19% (95% CI: 0.72; 0.92) more likely to have lost teeth, and were 25% (95% CI: 1.06; 1.47) more likely to lack a FD. A super-additive association was found when comparing participants exposed to SHS with incomplete elementary school and those unexposed to SHS with complete higher education (relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.97 [95% CI: 0.45; 1.49]). Such an EMM was less noticeable when examining other SEP measures.ConclusionSHS exposure was consistently associated with tooth loss; however, there appear to be key differences according to education levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".