<scp> <i>Ipso facto</i> </scp> clauses in cross‐border insolvency: From <scp>STX</scp> Pan Ocean to Hanjin Shipping and beyond
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article examines the enforceability of ipso facto clauses in cross‐border insolvency, with a focus on the landmark STX Pan Ocean case. This case highlighted divergent judicial approaches and the critical role of legal frameworks in conflict‐of‐laws scenarios, as evidenced by the contrasting outcome in the Hanjin Shipping case. In Fibria Celulose S/A v Pan Ocean Co Ltd , an English court ruled that the Korean administrator had failed to demonstrate that Korean law would render the ipso facto clause invalid. This outcome exposes a fundamental question: should the effect of insolvency on contracts be governed by the contract's governing law ( lex contractus ) or the law of the insolvency forum ( lex fori concursus )? This article addresses the scholarly debate surrounding South Korean law's treatment of ipso facto clauses. It highlights the challenges and potential solutions to the lex contractus versus lex fori concursus dilemma.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".