Strain-Insensitive Iontronic Tactile Sensor with Rigid–Soft Hybrid Architecture for Cardiovascular Assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of human skin often induces strain-pressure crosstalk and compromises signal reliability. Here, we present a strain-insensitive iontronic tactile sensor by introducing a rigid-soft hybrid architecture to decouple pressure signals from tensile strain. Rigid microspheres are embedded into a stretchable iontronic film to construct an iontronic interface with a soft conductive electrode. The iontronic interface exhibits a strain-independent contact area under uniaxial strain up to 50%, as confirmed by finite element simulations and experimental results. This design enables consistent capacitive responses under stretching and bending states, ensuring high-fidelity pressure sensing under dynamic skin motion. Integrated with a robotic arm, the tactile sensor captures high-fidelity pulse waveforms from multiple arterial sites and distinguishes between healthy, hypertensive, and coronary heart disease subjects through second-derivative waveform analysis. This strain-decoupling strategy establishes a universal approach for strain-insensitive tactile sensing, enabling practical applications in biomedical monitoring and future adaptive electronic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".