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Record W4416588896 · doi:10.1080/09552367.2025.2586492

Divine consciousness and the levels of language ( <i>vāc</i> ): An Indian model of revelation

2025· article· en· W4416588896 on OpenAlexaff
Veronica M.T. Benjamin

Bibliographic record

VenueAsian Philosophy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicIndian and Buddhist Studies
Canadian institutionsLibrary of Parliament
FundersJohn Templeton Foundation
KeywordsRevelationConsciousnessArtificial consciousnessLanguage and thoughtInterpretation (philosophy)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The levels of language (vāc) known by the names parā, paśyantī, madhyamā, and vaikharī, are a mainstay of esoteric practice in Śaiva, Śākta, and even Vaiṣṇava tantras. In this paper, I will present new evidence from the earliest source that mentions the levels, Bhartṛhari’s Vākyapadīya, as well as from one of Abhinavagupta’s earliest works, the Mālinīvijayavārtika to show that the levels are primarily intended as a model of revelation. They work as a bridge between divine and human consciousness, unique to a metaphysical outlook that maintains a close relationship between language and consciousness. It is by virtue of this ‘divine linguistic consciousness’ and the levels that mediate human experience of it, that revelation can be viewed as a natural occurrence arising within subjective awareness and potentially accessible by any practitioner.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.817
Threshold uncertainty score0.305

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.240
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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