Online Gas Adsorption Chromatography with Tl on Fused Silica for Next-Generation Chemistry Experiments with Nh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Presented here are comprehensive online gas adsorption chromatography experiments with thallium on fused silica surfaces toward an unambiguous chemical characterization of nihonium (Nh, Z = 113). Short-lived 184 Tl ( t 1/2 = 10.1 ± 5 s), produced in the nuclear fusion-evaporation reaction 141 Pr( 48 Ti, 5n) 184 Tl, was velocity-separated and introduced into the chemistry setup mounted in the focal plane of the separator. Isothermal gas adsorption chromatography experiments with a fused silica stationary phase at different dehydroxylation stages revealed a strong influence on the yield of transported Tl species. The evaluated adsorption enthalpies of the presumed monohydroxide TlOH of – Δ H ads d-SiO 2 (TlOH) = 127 ± 3 kJ/mol (dehydroxylated SiO 2 ) and −Δ H ads h-SiO 2 (TlOH) = 132 ± 12 kJ/mol (hydroxylated SiO 2 ) agree well with earlier offline experiments. In the case of a dehydroxylated stationary phase, the chemical speciation of Tl shifted from TlOH to less volatile species TlX2 with −Δ H ads d-SiO 2 (TlX2) ≥197 kJ/mol. The presented findings highlight the central role of the fused silica stationary phase in order to promote the formation of a defined chemical species of heavy Group 13 elements Tl and potentially Nh. The outcome is compared to state-of-the-art theoretical predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".