Unlocking Superior Acidic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with Ultralow Pt: Synergistic Electronic Modulation in Trimetallic PtNiCoO <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> /Hollow Carbon Sphere Catalyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The development of electrocatalysts with low Pt loading is crucial for advancing affordable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) technology. We report a PtNiCoO x /hollow carbon sphere (HCS) trimetallic catalyst with a Pt loading ≤ 4 wt % outperforming a commercial 20 wt % Pt/C due to strong Pt–Ni/Co oxide synergy within an HCS support. PXRD and EXAFS confirmed Pt incorporation into Ni/Co oxides, resulting in lattice contraction, weak alloying, and structural distortion that promote electronic modulation. Pair distribution function fitting revealed nanoscale domains of mixed alloy and oxide phases, while transmission electron microscopy showed uniform nanoparticles with core–shell morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated metallic Pt 0 and oxidized Pt 2 + species with a 2.8 eV positive shift in Pt binding energy, evidencing charge transfer from Ni/Co oxides to Pt. Electrochemical tests yielded an onset overpotential of 0.3 mV, η 1 0 of 0.9 mV, and Tafel slope of 36 mV dec –1, matching Pt/C in exchange current density (0.614 mA cm –2 ). Stability tests showed a minor initial decline due to Ni/Co leaching followed by possible surface Pt enrichment and negligible performance loss. The data demonstrate that core–shell architecture, lattice strain, phase heterogeneity, and electronic coupling could be key to the observed high HER activity with minimal Pt loading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".