Acoustic telemetry reveals high site fidelity of yellow‐phase American eels <i>Anguilla rostrata</i> in a large river
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Movement patterns and habitat use of yellow-phase American eels Anguilla rostrata in the Wolastoq/Saint John River were examined using acoustic telemetry. Tracking 72 tagged yellow-phase eels from late summer 2021 to autumn 2023 revealed overall restricted longitudinal movements (mean linear range ± standard deviation [SD] 6.4 ± 10.9 km) and high site fidelity. However, two eels exhibited small-scale (20-25 km) seasonal movements within freshwater habitats and one eel undertook large-scale (~83 km) seasonal movements between estuarine habitats in winter and freshwater habitats in summer. Tracking 24 yellow-phase eels equipped with depth sensors indicated that depth use correlated with diel period, season and fish length, with eels occupying shallower habitats at night, presumably for foraging, and deeper habitats during the day, likely for shelter. Sixteen tagged eels presumably matured to the silver phase and initiated out-migration in late summer. These eels moved rapidly through freshwater (mean ± SD 11.9 ± 8.8 km/day) but slowed considerably on reaching estuarine habitats (1.3 ± 1.3 km/day). These findings highlight the diversity of movement strategies in yellow-phase eels and provide new insights into the transition to the migratory silver phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".