Tiny witnesses: Preschoolers’ embodied encounters with dark heritage and parental silence in a Chinese Art Museum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Preschoolers, accompanied by their families, represent a highly under-researched demographic in dark heritage sites, due to the sensitive and challenging historical topics associated with these venues and exhibitions, as well as the ethical and methodological considerations pertinent to this unique visitor group. Based on a hermeneutic phenomenological methodological approach, this study utilized unobtrusive non-participatory observation and observational anecdotes to document the interactions of 29 families with 32 preschoolers at the Nanjing Massacre oil painting exhibition in a local Chinese art museum in the city of Changsha, China. The research findings reveal that preschoolers exhibited visceral cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to this artwork. In comparison to their active engagement with the artwork, parents responded with a relatively passive approach, often avoiding discussions of challenging topics with them. This study provides some exploratory evidence for understanding preschoolers’ experiences in dark tourism and offers insights for museums with dark heritage and similar public cultural settings to support preschooler families in a child-friendly manner.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".