Diversification of <i>Eumerus</i> Meigen, 1822 on Islands: Revision of the Most Speciose Syrphidae Genus (Diptera) on the Canaries, Spain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With 300+ species, Eumerus Meigen, 1822, is one of the largest hoverfly genera worldwide. The Canaries are a volcanic archipelago consisting of seven major islands in the Macaronesian region, north‐west of Africa. High biodiversity and endemicity levels are reported from these islands, especially for the invertebrates. Regarding the hoverflies, 20 genera are found on the Canaries. Although with the highest alpha diversity amongst hoverfly genera (10 species, of which seven are endemic to the archipelago), Eumerus has not been investigated in depth on the Canaries since 1982. Recent fieldwork and study of collection specimens under an integrative approach (morphology + mitochondrial DNA) have enhanced our knowledge of the Eumerus diversity in this archipelago, including a new species ( Eumerus macarius Ricarte and Aguado‐Aranda sp. n.), to science endemic to La Palma island. The new species is similar to Eumerus purpureus Macquart in Webb and Berthelot, 1839, for which a neotype is designated. Eumerus aquilius Walker, 1849, is proposed as a junior synonym of E. purpureus . A new Eumerus group endemic to the Macaronesia is defined morphologically and supported with DNA evidence: E. purpureus species group. Relationships and possible diversification of Eumerus from the Canaries are also discussed. After the present work, 11 species of Eumerus are present on the Canaries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".