Experimental study on failure mechanism of clay seabed induced by gas migration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shallow gas in marine clay sediments poses significant geohazards to offshore infrastructure, yet predictive frameworks linking sediment properties to seabed failure patterns remain inadequate. Through quasi-2D gas injection experiments with centrifuge-consolidated clay achieving field-representative strength profiles, this study reveals gas migration behavior governed by soil strength, water depth, and pre-existing defect presence. Three distinct migration modes are identified: (1) discrete bubble migration in low-strength sediments under shallow water conditions, (2) stable cavity formation in high-strength sediments with comparable hydraulic conditions, and (3) conduit-dominated pipe flow under deep water environments regardless of sediment strength. Cavity formation induces the most substantial seabed deformation, while pipe flow causes minimal disturbance. Gas invasion alone cannot initiate soil fractures in clay seabeds, but buoyancy-driven gas migration displaces water into overlying sediments, potentially inducing hydraulic fracturing when pre-existing defects are present. These defects reduce the deforming region dimension by over 80% by creating stable fracture pathways. Finally, a phase diagram is established, highlighting shallow-water, high-strength sediment zones as having the highest geohazard potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".