The Death of Andean Devils, the Life of Counter-Reformation Saints
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the diabladas, or “dances of devils,” performed in honor of Catholic saints in northern Peru, with a specific focus on the cult of Isidro Labrador. Moving beyond the traditional anthropological emphasis on pre-Columbian elements and the historical analysis of “demonization” of Native beliefs during the colonial period, this study argues that diabladas served as a bridge between the preservation of Native religious identities and the various colonial acculturation campaigns of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By investigating the Indigenous adaptation of a cult closely associated with Spanish colonialism, the article demonstrates that Native resistance was not limited to overt acts of defiance but was also expressed through subtle and sophisticated strategies of intermediation. It highlights how, by joyfully adopting the cults of newly canonized saints, Andean and coastal communities were able to maintain their ritual traditions—particularly the dances connected to agricultural life, which were subjected to intense scrutiny during the “Extirpation of Idolatries” campaigns in seventeenth-century Peru.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".