Adrenal Myelolipoma: Clinicopathological Spectrum Across Three Cases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign neoplasm of the adrenal cortex characterized by a mixture of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements, including erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages. Typically asymptomatic and non-functional, these tumors are often discovered incidentally during imaging for unrelated conditions. Larger lesions, however, may present with symptoms due to mass effect or hemorrhage. Case presentations: Case 1: A 56-year-old female with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presented with hematemesis. Abdominal CT revealed a left adrenal nodule, which was monitored for 18 months. Due to growth and abdominal discomfort, she underwent left adrenalectomy. Histopathology confirmed a benign adrenal myelolipoma. Case 2: A 47-year-old male with abdominal pain and hematuria was found to have a large right adrenal mass on CT. Despite an elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio, the lesion was not hormonally functional. Right adrenalectomy was performed, and histology confirmed myelolipoma. Case 3: A 57-year-old male undergoing routine health screening was incidentally found to have two well-defined lesions in the left adrenal gland on abdominal ultrasound and CT. Both lesions were resected, and histopathology revealed benign adrenal myelolipomas. Conclusion: Adrenal myelolipomas are rare benign tumors that are often incidentally discovered during imaging. While they are typically non-functional and asymptomatic, larger or symptomatic lesions require surgical resection. Early diagnosis, careful imaging interpretation, and histopathological examination are crucial for ensuring appropriate management and distinguishing these tumors from other adrenal pathologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".