Acute kidney and liver injury requiring hemodialysis following cathinone use in a person with HIV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Chemsex drugs are psychoactive substances used to facilitate and enhance sexual activity. Their use is frequent among men who have sex with men (MSM). Synthetic cathinones have been the most common drugs recently used in chemsex practice. After their intake, the clinical spectrum may include tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations, seizures, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis with resulting nephrotoxicity, and potentially life-threatening multiorgan failure. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report the case of a gentleman with HIV who came to observe severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) following the use of Khat. CONCLUSION: This case highlights that clinicians need to be vigilant about the adverse effects of synthetic cathinones used in the context of chemsex as a possible cause of AKI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AKI caused by cathinone toxicity successfully treated in Italy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".