Analytical modeling of the static behaviour of CFRP-strengthened RC beams subjected to freeze–thaw cycles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical model for predicting the flexural strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, including the effects of freeze–thaw (F/T) exposure. The model integrates nonlinear material behaviour and accounts for parameters influencing the flexural behaviour of CFRP-strengthened RC beams. The model combines the fibre method with established failure criteria and was validated against an experimental database of 98 RC beams strengthened with CFRP sheets. Also, the model includes F/T-concrete stress-strain curves as well as the degradation of concrete/CFRP interface and accounts for elastic-plastic properties of steel reinforcements and elastic properties of CFRP reinforcements. The validation confirms the accuracy and reliability of the developed model in predicting the behaviour of CFRP-strengthened RC beams under freeze–thaw conditions. A comparison of the proposed analytical model versus the available design provisions indicates that the analytical model has the best fitting with the experimental data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".