Design of an Active Morphable Pneumatic Bilayer Planar Actuator Inspired by Starfish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inspired by the starfish's active deformation to stably adhere to surfaces of different shapes, this paper designs an Active Pneumatic Bilayer Planar Actuator (A-PBPA) for surface morphing. The innovation is threefold: firstly, by replacing the fixed connecting rods between top and bottom layers in the classic PBPA with adjustable active positioning rods similar to starfish tube feet, the structural diversity of deformation is enhanced; secondly, by adjusting the upper soft body structure of the PBPA to a bistable origami structure, the load-bearing capacity of the actuator is improved while maintaining its deformation capability; thirdly, using A-PBPA as the base, a flexible matrix of suction cups is designed, which effectively increases the unit area adhesion force of the suction cup on non-planar surfaces. Theoretical and physical experiments validate the performance of A-PBPA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".